Two Transmission of Tantra | Jñānā vs. Kriyā, Meditation vs. Ritual

In Tantra, you find two separate transmissions that seem to be in tension with one another: one one hand, there are the Jñāna or contemplation oriented traditions (for example, the Vijñāna-Bhairava Tantra or Somānanda's śiva-drshti) that privilege subtle, interior practices involving the intellect and spacious, sky-like awareness (think: Dzogchen) and on the other hand, in the vast majority of instances, there is the kriyā approach which centers formal, external, often deity-oriented ritualis...