Fetal Manual Rotation: 1st or 2nd Stage Practice?

Women whose fetuses are in the occiput posterior head position at the time of delivery are known to have longer second stages of labor and more complicated deliveries, including more operative assisted births, more 3rd and 4th degree lacerations, PPH, and in some studies lower Apgar scores and lower umbilical cord arterial pH. At what point in labor should the healthcare provider attempt to rotate the fetal head: first stage or second stage of labor? Recent intrapartum studies using ultrasound to verify fetal head position has provided new insights regarding the cardinal phases of labor. In this episode, we will tackle the fetal occiput posterior position and manual rotation. Should this be a 1st or 2nd stage of labor practice?