Fear Mongering for Clicks Can Fuck Up the Listener

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fear, Negativity, Attention, and Stress
Baumeister, Roy F., Ellen Bratslavsky, Catrin Finkenauer, and Kathleen D. Vohs. “Bad Is Stronger Than Good.” Review of General Psychology 5, no. 4 (2001): 323–370. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323.
Bar-Haim, Yair, Dominique Lamy, Lee Pergamin, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, and Marinus H. van IJzendoorn. “Threat-Related Attentional Bias in Anxious and Nonanxious Individuals: A Meta-Analytic Study.” Psychological Bulletin 133, no. 1 (2007): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1.
Tannenbaum, Melanie B., Justin Hepler, Rick S. Zimmerman, Lindsey Saul, Samantha Jacobs, Kristina Wilson, and Dolores Albarracín. “Appealing to Fear: A Meta-Analysis of Fear Appeal Effectiveness and Theories.” Psychological Bulletin 141, no. 6 (2015): 1178–1204. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039729.
Juster, Robert-Paul, Bruce S. McEwen, and Sonia J. Lupien. “Allostatic Load Biomarkers of Chronic Stress and Impact on Health and Cognition.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 35, no. 1 (2010): 2–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.10.002.
Negative News, Trauma Coverage, and Stress Reactivity
Marin, Marie-France, Julie-Katia Morin-Major, Tania E. Schramek, Annick Beaupré, Andrea Perna, Robert-Paul Juster, and Sonia J. Lupien. “There Is No News Like Bad News: Women Are More Remembering and Stress Reactive after Reading Real Negative News than Men.” PLoS ONE 7, no. 10 (2012): e47189. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047189.
Holman, E. Alison, Dana Rose Garfin, and Roxane Cohen Silver. “Media’s Role in Broadcasting Acute Stress Following the Boston Marathon Bombings.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 1 (2014): 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1316265110.
Thompson, Rebecca R., Nickolas M. Jones, E. Alison Holman, and Roxane Cohen Silver. “Media Exposure to Mass Violence Events Can Fuel a Cycle of Distress.” Science Advances 5, no. 4 (2019): eaav3502. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3502.
Fear, Negativity, and the Attention Economy
Robertson, Claire E., Nicolas Pröllochs, Kaoru Schwarzenegger, Philip Pärnamets, Jay J. Van Bavel, and Stefan Feuerriegel. “Negativity Drives Online News Consumption.” Nature Human Behaviour 7 (2023): 812–822. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01538-4.
Shabahang, Reza, Hyeyeon Hwang, Emma F. Thomas, Mara S. Aruguete, Lynn E. McCutcheon, Gábor Orosz, Abbas Ali Hossein Khanzadeh, Benyamin Mokhtari Chirani, and Ágnes Zsila. “Doomscrolling Evokes Existential Anxiety and Fosters Pessimism about Human Nature? Evidence from Iran and the United States.” Computers in Human Behavior Reports 15 (2024): 100438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2024.100438.
Conspiracy Exposure and Paranoid Thought
Molenda, Zuzanna, Marta Marchlewska, Adam Karakula, Wojciech Podsiadłowski, Marta Rogoza, Paulina Bagrowska, and Dagmara Szczepańska. “Thought Contagion? Conspiracy Beliefs Boost Paranoid Thoughts.” Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being 16, no. 4 (2024): 2065–2082. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12577.
Repetition and the Illusory Truth Effect
Ye, Steeven, David Attali, Maria Ghazi, Arnaud Cachia, Mathieu Cassotti, Grégoire Borst, et al. “Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Evidence for an Illusory Truth Effect and Its Determinants.” Nature Communications 17 (2026): 3270. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70041-x.
Intolerance of Uncertainty, Worry, and Anxiety
Akbari, Mehdi, Sonay Sheikhi, Mahsa Sadat Navab Safiadin, Minoo...