Send us a text Where does biological complexity come from and how is it generated? Episode Summary: Dr. Michael Levin talks about cognition manifesting at scales beyond brains, including in cells and tissues via bioelectric networks; analog vs. digital coding in biology; how bioelectric patterns guide development and regeneration (e.g., in planarians); creation of novel life forms like xenobots and anthrobots; philosophical ideas on a "platonic space" of mathematical patterns influencing biology; evolutionary trade-offs in regeneration and implications for regenerative medicine. About the guest: Michael Levin, PhD is a biologist and computer scientist who directs the Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, focusing on bioelectricity, regeneration, and cognition in non-neural systems. Discussion Points: Cognition isn't limited to brains; tools from neuroscience reveal learning, memory, and goal-directed behavior in cells and tissues. Bioelectricity acts as "cognitive glue," enabling collective intelligence in non-neural systems, predating multicellular life. Analog coding in development uses slow voltage patterns across cells, contrasting fast digital spikes in neurons. Planarians regenerate perfectly due to bioelectric "memories"; altering patterns creates stable two-headed worms without genetic changes. Regeneration trade-offs: Mammals prioritize quick healing over full regrowth due to infection risks and load-bearing needs. Xenobots (from frog cells) and anthropots (from human cells) self-assemble, replicate, and heal tissues, revealing untapped cellular potentials. Patterns in biology may stem from a "platonic space" of mathematical truths, not just evolution or physics. Neuroscience studies mind scaling, not just neurons; diverse intelligences could exist in non-cellular systems. Related content: M&M 95 : Purpose, Value, Evolution, Consciousness, Sentience, Life & Emergence of Mind From Matter | Terrence Deacon *Not medical advice. Support the show Affiliates: Lumen device to optimize your metabolism for weight loss or athletic performance. MINDMATTER gets you 15% off. AquaTru : Water filtration devices that remove microplastics, metals, bacteria, and more from your drinking water. Through link, $100 off AquaTru Carafe, Classic & Under Sink Units; $300 off Freestanding models. Seed Oil Scout : Find restaurants with seed oil-free options, scan food products to see what they’re hiding, with this easy-to-use mobile app. KetoCitra —Ketone body BHB + electrolytes formulated for kidney health. Use code MIND20 for 20% off any subscription (cancel anytime) For all the ways you can support my efforts
