These sources examine the transformative role of artificial intelligence in contemporary healthcare, highlighting its progression from simple rule-based programs to sophisticated machine learning and deep learning systems. Research indicates that AI tools now rival or exceed human experts in specialized tasks such as interpreting medical images, performing robotic-assisted surgeries, and personalizing treatments in cardiology and oncology. By automating administrative duties and prioritizing high-risk cases, these technologies aim to optimize clinical workflows and enhance overall patient outcomes. However, the literature identifies significant obstacles, including algorithmic bias, the opaque "black box" nature of decision-making, and the lag in global regulatory frameworks. Ethical concerns regarding data privacy, informed consent, and accountability remain central to the discussion of AI's integration into clinical practice. Ultimately, the authors argue that realizing AI's full potential requires rigorous validation and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure safe and equitable medical care.
