Clever Hans (The Horse of Mr. Von Osten)
by Oskar Pfungst
About this book
Oskar Pfungst book is a detailed piece of investigative journalism looking into Clever Hans, an Orlov Trotter horse that was claimed to have performed arithmetic and other intellectual tasks. Pfungst details the results of many experiments, by the end of which he is able to explain exactly how Hans did it. This classic example of the observer-expectancy effect is still relevant today, as the "Clever Hans effect" has to be taken into account whenever a study of animal intelligence takes place. - Summary by Jordan
Chapters (12)
1Prefatory Note and Introduction
2The Problem of Animal Consciousness and ''Clever Hans''
3Experiments and Observations - Part 1
4Experiments and Observations - Part 2
5The Author's Introspections
6Laboratory Tests
7Explanation of the Observations - Part 1
8Explanation of the Observations - Part 2
9Explanation of the Observations - Part 3
10Genesis of the Reaction of the Horse
11Conclusion
12Supplements
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