Timbuktu: Africa's Forgotten Center of Knowledge — Fexingo History

Long before European universities dominated the intellectual world, Timbuktu was a beacon of learning, commerce, and culture. From the 13th to the 17th centuries, this city in present-day Mali drew scholars, traders, and travelers from across Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. Lucas and Luna explore Timbuktu's golden age under the Mali Empire and later the Songhai Empire, focusing on institutions like the University of Sankore and the legendary Djinguereber Mosque. They delve into the life of Mansa Musa, whose 1324 hajj put Timbuktu on the map, and the reign of Askia Muhammad, who fostered a renaissance of Islamic scholarship. The show examines the city's thriving manuscript trade—hundreds of thousands of texts covering astronomy, medicine, law, and poetry—and the devastating Moroccan invasion of 1591 that led to its decline. What was lost when Timbuktu's libraries were looted? What survives today, and what does its legacy mean for African identity and global history? This conversati