Hacker Public Radio

Create a Linux kiosk at your library Start without a guest account The first few steps of this process don’t actually require a guest user directory to exist, so do NOT create your guest user account yet. However, you do need to choose what your guest user account is going to be called. A reasonable account name for Don’s purposes is libraryguest. On my personal computer I call my guest account guestaccount, and I’ve used kioskguest on some installations. I avoid just the name “guest” because in modern computing the term “guest” gets used in a few other ways (such as a “guest operating system” in a virtual environment), and it’s just easier to find something unique in logs. Choose a unique name for you guest account, but don’t create it yet. For this article, I’m using libraryguest. Create the PostSession script By default, GDM recognises several states: Init, PostLogin, PreSession, and PostSession. Each state has a directory located in /etc/gdm. When you place a shell script called Default in one of those directories, GDM runs the script when it reaches that state. To trigger actions to clean up a user’s environment upon logout, create the file /etc/gdm/PostSession/Default. You can add whatever actions you want to run upon logout to the Default script. In the case of Don’s library, we wanted to clear everything from the guest’s home directory, including browser history, any LibreOffice files or GIMP files they may have created, and so on. It was important that we limited the very drastic action of removing all user data to just the guest user. We didn’t want the admin’s data to be erased upon logout, so whatever rule we added to /etc/gdm/PostSession/Default had to be limited to the guest user. Here’s what we came up with: #!/usr/bin/sh echo "$USER logged out at `date`" >> /tmp/PostSession.log if [ "X$USER" = "Xlibraryguest" ]; then rm -rf "$HOME" fi exit 0 The first line is for logging purposes. The /tmp directory gets cleared out on most distributions automatically, so we weren’t worried about creating a file that’ll grow forever and eventually crash the computer. If your distribution of choice doesn’t clean out /tmp automatically, create a cron job to do that for you. GDM knows what user triggered the logout process, so the if statement verifies that the user logging out is definitely the libraryguest user (that’s the literal name of the user we created for library patrons).Note that the whitespace around the square brackets is important, so be precise when typing! As long as it is libraryguest, then the script removes the entire user directory ($HOME). That can be extremely dangerous if you make a mistake, so do thorough testing on a dummy system before implementing a script like this! If you get a condition wrong, you could erase your entire home directory upon logout. In this example, I’ve successfully limited the rm command to a logout action performed by user libraryguest. The entire /home/libraryguest directory is erased, and the computer returns to the GDM login screen. When a new user logs in, a fresh directory is created for the user. You can put any number of commands in your script, of course. You don’t have to erase an entire directory. If all you really want to do is clear browser history and any stray data, then you can do that instead. If you need to copy specific configuration files into the environment, you can do that during the PreSession state. Just be sure to test thoroughly before committing your creation to your

1985, I started to work at a telecom equipment manufacturer. We had a main frame computer in our combined office- and lab room. We were four sitting in the room and it was this one terminal for all of us and maybe even for someone more. Downstairs, we at component technology department had our big climate controlled laboratories. I used an HP 85 computer having the Basic programming language to automize measurements of resistors. And there were several more of them for other measurements of various electronic components. Also more advanced computers were used in the labs and as I recall also with other languages than Basic. I remember I learned briefly a bit about one of those languages but have forgotten which one. The secretary at the department could send Telex messages around the world. We handed a hand written manuscript to her and she typed it into the Telex system. And she had a Xerox computer with big, at least the 8 inch floppy discs. Not so many years later my manager got a Personal computer running DOS and some years later it DOS computers also to the staff. But also very early we had a Sun Unix station. And for many years Unix became my daily driver at work. Before I started to work, in school we had some education in Basic programming. We were using the at least in Sweden very successful and good Luxor ABC 80 computer. At the end of my school time, my school got the top notch ABC 800 with colour screen. At home so I could get a chance to learn somewhat more about computers and Basic programming in my own pace, I got a Zinclair ZX 80 computer, which I later upgraded to ZX 81. One summer job when I was a student I was at Televerket, the Swedish PTT. It meant that I visited numerous of exchange stations. Many at the country side, some with very few subscribers so I could hear the relay start when someone was making a call. At bigger stations it was noise from relays all the time. As I mentioned, after studies were completed I was working with telecom equipment in particular for land line telephony. Not at least I worked with components for the line cards, the card at the telephone exchange that is facing towards the end user. The book The_Cuckoo's_Egg is a hacker thriller based on a true story that happened in the mid-1980's going on for a year. It was written by the hunter shortly after. Cliff Stoll describes Unix commands, which are similar to Linux. He talks about passwords, about encryption and a lot more. Many technical details he describes by using analogy with more common non technical life examples. A security hole in GNU-Emacs software, a software still around today, plays a central role in how the hacker could penetrate. To fix and update security holes are very relevant today as well. Many things in computers and technology have changed. But at the same time very much of the problems are valid today although th

Warning, this episode containers some spoilers for movies. The following movies are in my cybersecurity movie library. The ones marked * are included in review in this episode. 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) * AntiTrust (2001) Blackhat (2015) Blade Runner (1982) Catch Me If You Can (2002) Citizenfour (2015) CSI: Cyber (2015) Enemy of the State (1998) Firewall (2006) Gattaca (1997) * Ghost in the Shell (1995) Hackers (1995) * Heartbreakers (2001) The Imitation Game (2014) I, Robot (2004) Johnny Mnemonic (1995) Jurassic Park (1993) * The KGB, the Computer and Me (1990) * - Youtube link The Lives of Others (2006) * Lo and Behold, Reveries of the Connected World (2016) The Matrix (1999) The Matrix Reloaded (2003) * The Matrix Revolutions (2003) Minority Report (2002) Mission: Impossible (1996) * Mr. Robot (2015) The Net (1995) * The Net 2.0 (2006) Ocean's Eleven (2001) Office Space (1999) * Person of Interest (2011) * Revolution OS (2001) The Social Network (2010) Sneakers (1992) * Superman III (1983) * Surrogates (2009) Swordfish (2001) Takedown (2000)

New hosts Welcome to our new hosts: Jim DeVore, Carmen-Lisandrette. Last Month's Shows Id Day Date Title Host 4544 Thu 2026-01-01 Uncommon Commands, Episode 2 Deltaray 4545 Fri 2026-01-02 YouTube Subscriptions 2025 #12 Ahuka 4546 Mon 2026-01-05 HPR Community News for December 2025 HPR Volunteers 4547 Tue 2026-01-06 Cheap Yellow Display Project Part 6: The speed and timing of Morse Trey 4548 Wed 2026-01-07 YouTube Subscriptions 2025 #13 Ahuka 4549 Thu 2026-01-08 [deprecated] Pomodoro Task Tool (pomotask.sh) candycanearter 4550 Fri 2026-01-09 Playing Civilization V, Part 7 Ahuka 4551 Mon 2026-01-12 “Elsbeth in IT: Since ’97” (Part 2) Elsbeth 4552 Tue 2026-01-13 Printer Conspiracy

With winter in full swing in the UK, Dave and Kevie continue their look at winter warmer ales with a review of a couple of British Barley Wine ales. Dave samples Ridgeway's Criminally Bad Elf whilst Kevie tries out a lmited release from Chiltern Brewery Roger Bodger's Barley WIne. Connect with the guys on Untappd: Dave Kevie The intro sounds for the show are used from: https://freesound.org/people/mixtus/sounds/329806/ https://freesound.org/people/j1987/sounds/123003/ https://freesound.org/people/greatsoundstube/sounds/628437/

I am using MakeMKV version 1.18.2, the most updated version of the program USB Blu-ray drive BD-MLT UJ240AS reads a DVD or Blu-ray disc correctly Matshita SATA Blu-ray drive BDDVDRW CH20L stalls with ad DVD or Blu-ray disc Hewlett Packard The disc does not stall with Handbrake There is enough power, using an adapter that provides 12v Before: MakeMKV v1.18.1 linux(x64-release) stuck when launched How do I download older versions? MakeMKV old version repo makemkv-bin-1.17.7.tar.gz 2024-05-15 16:29 makemkv-oss-1.17.7.tar.gz 2024-05-15 16:31 After: Recorded with: Zoom H1 Essential Microphone Monitored with: soundcore V20i open ear headphones

Fast Reactors 03 Fast versus Slow Neutrons "Fast neutron" reactors are ones which use the "fast neutron" reaction. This is as opposed to "slow" or "thermal" neutron reactors which use a slow neutron reaction. Nearly all reactors in use today use a slow neutron reaction. 04 Moderators 06 No Moderator in Fast Neutron Reactors 07 Burners versus Breeders 08 Fast Fission Fuel Cycle 08 "Typical" Fuel 09 Other Methods 10 Reprocessing 11 Fuel Types 11 Oxide 12 Metal 13 Nitride 14 Carbide 15 Coolant 16 Liquid Sodium 18 Liquid Lead or Lead-Bismuth 19 Helium Gas 20 Molten Salt 21 History of Fast Neutron Reactors 21 Origins 22 Reasons for Developing Them 23 Reasons They are Still Being Developed 24 This is a Proven Technology 25 Plutonium Stockpiles 26 Pros and Cons of Fast Reactors If fast reactors are more expensive and difficult to operate than slow reactors, why is there any interest in them? 27 Pros Fast neutron reactors can use all of the uranium supply by converting the U-238 to plutonium as well as using the U-235. Slow neutron reactors can only use the U-235 plus converting a very small proportion of the U-238 to plutonium. This means that a given amount of fuel will go much further when used with a fast neutron reactor than a slow one. 28 Some (but not all) fast neutron reactors can produce more plutonium than they use. This extra plutonium can be used to make uranium-plutonium mixed oxide (or MOX) fuel to be used in slow reactors, or it can be used to power a thorium fuel cycle.  So the higher cost of the fast neutron reactors can be offset by having it produce fuel for several slow neutron or thorium reactors. 29 They can also use up or "burn" radioactive waste. That is, highly radioactive elements which are a byproduct of fuel use but not usable as fuel by themselves can be separated from the spent fuel and fed back into the reactor where the additional radiation will convert them into elements or isotopes which are either not radioactive or which are otherwise easier to dispose of. 30 Cons There are a number of cons however, as otherwise there would be a lot more fast neutron reactors in the world. Since water, even "light" water, is a moderator, fast neutron reactors cannot use water as a coolant. Other alternative coolants must be used, and these complicate the design of the reactor and make it more difficult to operate. 31 Alternative compatible coolants may be corrosive, and so new materials may need to be developed for both the reactor vessel and the fuel cladding. Alternative coolants are often opaque, making it difficult to inspect the reactor. The fuel cycle requires reprocessing spent fuel, which means that reprocessing facilities have to be set up, which is an additional expense. 32 Fast neutron reactors were primarily developed on the premise that uranium supplies were limited and would soon become very expensive. However new very large and very high grade uranium deposits were discovered in Canada, Australia, and Kazakhstan, causing uranium prices to fall rather than rise. As a result it is much cheaper to operate a once-through fuel cycle than to build fast neutron reactors. 33 Future Prospects Currently fast neutron reactors are not economically competitive with slow neutron reactors for electric power generation so there isn't a lot of interest from prospective customers. Originally interest in them was driven by a belief that the world

Development isn’t over until it’s packaged Most software development I’ve done has been utilities for highly specific workflows. I’ve written code to ensure that metadata for a company’s custom file format gets copied along with the rest of the data when the file gets archived, code that ensures a search field doesn’t mangle input, lots of Git hooks, file converters, parsers, and of course my fair share of dirty hacks. Because most software projects I work on are designed for a specific task, very few of them have required packaging. My utilities have been either integrated into a larger code base I’m not responsible for, or else distributed across an infrastructure by an admin. It’s like a magic trick, which has made my life conveniently easier but, as magic does, it has also tricked me into thinking that my development work is done once I can prove that my code does its job. The reality is that code development isn’t actually done until you can deliver it to your users in a format they can install. I don’t think I’m alone in forgetting that software delivery is the real final product. There are many reasons some developers stop short of providing an installable package for the code they’ve worked on for weeks or months or years. First of all, packaging is work, and after writing and troubleshooting code for months, sometimes you just want your work to be over just as soon as everything functions as expected. Secondly, there are a lot of software package formats out there, regardless of what platform you’re delivering to. However, I view packaging as part of quality assurance. There are lots of benefits you gain by packaging your code into an installer, and you don’t have to target every package format. In fact, you get the benefits of packaging by creating just one package. Checking for consistency When you package your code as an installable file, whether it’s an RPM file or a Bash script or a Flatpak or AppImage or EXE or MSI or anything else, you are checking your code base for consistency. Pick whatever package format you’re most comfortable with, or the one you think represents the bulk of your target audience, and you’re sure to find that the package tooling expects to be automated. Nobody wants to start packaging from scratch every time they update code, so naturally packaging tools are designed to be configured once for a specific code base and then to create updated packages each time the code base is updated. If you’re building a package for your project and discover that you have to manually intervene, then you’ve discovered a bug in your code. Imagine that you’ve got a project repository with a name in camel-case. You hadn’t noticed before, but your code refers to itself in a mix of lowercase and camel-case. Your package build grinds to a halt because a variable used by the packaging tools suddenly can’t find your code base because it was set to a lowercase title but the archive of your code uses camel-case. If this happens to you, it’s also going to happen for every software packager trying to help you deliver your project to their users. Fix it for yourself, and you’ve fixed it for everyone. Discover surprise dependencies For decades, one of the most common problems of software troubleshooting has been the phrase “well, it works on my machine.” No matter how many tools we developers have at our disposal to make it easy to build and run software on a clean system, it’s still common to accidentally deliver software with surprise dependencies. It’s easy to forget to revert to a clean snapshot in a virtual machine, or to use a container that just happens to have a more recent version of a library than you’d realised, or to get the path of an important executable wrong in a script, or to forget that not all computers ship with a thing you take for granted. Not all packaging tools are immune to t

Mission:Libre is a new project for 11 to 14-year-old kids who're interested in free software. Mission:Libre website: https://missionlibre.org Carmen's e-mail address: [email protected] "Libre!" issue 0: https://missionlibre.org/files/libre0.pdf Mission:Libre's Liberapay: https://liberapay.com/MissionLibre

This brings us to a look at some of Arthur C. Clarke's other stories, A Time Odyssey (1951), Tales From the White Hart (1957), The Nine Billion Names of God (1954), The Star (1955), Dolphin Island (1964), and A Meeting With Medusa (1971. These stories will wrap up our look at Clarke's Science Fiction and we have seen a lot of good stuff here. And as a final note, we cover CLarke's Three Laws. Arthur C. Clarke: Other Works, A Time Odyssey A collaboration between two of science fiction’s best authors: what could possibly go wrong? Well, something went wrong. This series is not bad, but I hesitate to describe it as good. This series was described by Clarke as neither a prequel nor a sequel, but an “orthoquel”, a name coined from “orthogonal”, which means something roughly like “at right angles”, though it is also used in statistics to denote events that are independent and do not influence each other. And in relativity theory Time is orthogonal to Space. And in multi-dimensional geometry we can talk about axes in each dimension as orthogonal to all of the others. It is something I can’t picture, being pretty much limited to three dimensions, but it can be described mathematically. It is sort of like the 2001 series, but not really. It has globes instead of monoliths. And the spheres have a circumference and volume that is related to their radius not by the usual pi, but by exactly three. Just what this means I am not sure, other than they are not sphere’s in any usual sense of the word. In this story these spheres seem to be gathering people from various eras and bringing them to some other planet which gets christened “Mir”, though not in any way to the Russian Space Station. It is a Russian word that can mean “peace”, “world”, or “village”. I have seen it used a lot to refer to a village in my studies of Russian history. Anyway, the inhabitants include two hominids, a mother and daughter, a group of British Redcoats, Mongols from the Genghis Khan era, a UN Peacekeeper helicopter, a Russian space capsule, an unknown Rudyard Kipling, the army of Alexander The Great… Well at least they have lots of characters to throw around. They end up taking sides and fighting each other. In the end several of the people are returned to Earth in their own time. But the joke is on them. The beings behind the spheres are call themselves The Firstborn because they were the first to achieve sentience. They figure that best way for them to remain safe is to wipe out any other race that achieves sentience, making them to polar opposite of the beings behind the monoliths in 2001, for whom the mind is sacred. Anyway, the Firstborn have arranged for a massive solar flare that will wipe out all life on Earth and completely sterilize the planet, but conveniently it will happen in 5 years, leaving time for plot development. Of course the people of Earth will try to protect themselves. Then in the third book of the series an ominous object enters the solar system. This is of course a callback to the Rama object. It is like they wanted to take everything from the Rama series and twist it. While I love a lot of Clarke’s work and some of Baxter’s as well, I think this is eminently skippable. The two of them also collaborated on the final White Hart story, which isn’t bad Other Works Tales from the White Hart This collection of short stories has a unity of the setting, a pub called White Hart, where a character tells outrageous stories. Other characters are thinly disguised science fiction authors, including Clarke himself. Clarke mentions that he was inspired to do this by the Jorkens stories of Lord Dunsany, which are also outrageous tall tales, but lacking the science fictions aspects of Clarke’s stories. Of course this type of story has a long history, in which we would do well to mention the stories of Baron

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. Hello, this is your host Archer72 for Hacker Public Radio. In this episode, I share my overly complicated media ripping setup, and hope it helps someone. First of all, I have revised my media ripping setup since HPR3294 - Update to MakeMKV to back up media I’ve changed my mind about only using a terminal for ripping media, and it was time to make a change. Now, I start both MakeMKV and Handbrake from a remote GUI, either on my laptop or phone. VNC server for remote GUI virt-manager server sudo apt install tigervnc-common Remmina VNC viewer , tabbed viewing Debian desktop VNC Client for Android AVNC client on F-Droid NFS server on Raspberry Pi Remote for Intel mini PC Server mark-hpprodesk600g2dm description: Space-saving Computer product: HP ProDesk 600 G2 DM (Y0E36UP#ABA) vendor: HP serial: xxxxxxxx width: 64 bits sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server Added symbolic links to /srv/ for ease of use Oct 28 05:34 dvdrip -> /mnt/USBdrive-12Tb/DVDrip/ Oct 28 05:30 movies -> /mnt/USBdrive-12Tb/Movies/ Oct 30 05:20 tv -> /mnt/USBdrive-12Tb/TV 192.168.50.20:/mnt/USBdrive-12Tb/DVDrip /mnt/dvdrip nfs users,defaults,_netdev,nofail 0 0 192.168.50.20:/mnt/USBdrive-12Tb/TV /mnt/tv nfs users,defaults,_netdev,nofail Blu Ray writer *-cdrom description: DVD-RAM writer product: BDDVDRW CH20L vendor: hp physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@9:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sr1 version: BC33 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram MakeMKV Discs won’t stop loading MakeMKV above v1.17.7 still broken on Linux Downgraded version Old versions of MakeMKV makemkv-bin-1.17.7.tar.gz makemkv-oss-1.17.7.tar.gz Tailscale on Debian trixie Tailscale on F-droid MakeMKV via Remmina Handbrake via Remmina Provide feedback on this episode .

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. Goal: send a voice signal on VHF or UHF, receive and record with SDR via RTL dongle Core Problem and Resolution An issue may have been a hardware I/Q Imbalance in the RTL-SDR, which suppressed the desired signal, resulting in very low output volume that required excessive manual amplification. Initial Problem: Very quiet, barely audible recorded audio, initially on UHF 433 MHz Key Discovery: An I/Q imbalance caused a repeating signal "image" in the spectrum, Frequency Change: Switched to the VHF 145.500 Mhz band, Gain Override: To overcome the defect and the failing AGC, gain stages were manually adjusted: Squelch: Squelch (SQL) was set to OFF (0) to prevent the software from muting the quiet, legitimate signal. Adjusted the final Sound Output/Recording Gain on the host OS to match the maximized digital output, achieving audible voice. Summary of Key Radio and Software Settings Transmitting Radio (Baofeng UV-5R): Operation: Simplex (direct radio-to-SDR). Mode: Narrowband FM (NFM). Receiving Software (SDR++): AGC: Disabled (Crucial override). RF/Tuner Gain: Adjust (Inject best signal power). AF Gain: Adjust (Produce loudest digital audio). Squelch (SQL): OFF (0) (Prevent muting of quiet signal). Filter Bandwidth: 12.5 kHz(Correct setting for NFM). The ultimate resolution was forcing input and output gain in SDR++ and volume adjustment in Audacity Provide feedback on this episode .

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. As the new year show is upon us, Ken needs a way to send out some mail messages to fellow Free Culture Podcasters . Rather than just putting every one on the bcc, a more personal mail list can be done using the Thunderbird Mail Merge add on. Install Download it, and then open Thunderbird, select "Tools", "Add-ons and Themes". Then press the Cog icon ⚙, and select "Install Add-on From File...", Finally select the downloaded file and confirm. Creating the CSV To use it create a list of emails with a heading, "PrimaryEmail" in our example. $ cat maillist2025.csv PrimaryEmail [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Using Mail Merge Just add each column field to the address boxes, or the body of your message, surrounded by double curly brackets . In our case we add "{{PrimaryEmail}}", in the to field. Then press the new "Mail Merge" button in the top right. Select "CSV" and select the file you prepared before. If you are sending now, then you can put in a random delay, so that when you press send there will be a delay between each of the mails been sent. If you select the default send later, then after pressing send the mails will be placed in the outbox so you can send them later. Links https://freeculturepodcasts.org/ https://services.addons.thunderbird.net/en-US/thunderbird/addon/mail-merge/ Cog icon provided by https://glyph-party.wimpys.world/ from https://linuxmatters.sh/67/ Provide feedback on this episode .

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. Setting up Linux Mint with Custom LVM and Luks Linux Mint with Custom LVM on LUKS Overview The current Linux Mint installer doesn't support custom partitions when setting up a new machine with LUKS encryption using LVM. I prefer having a separate partition for my home directory and a backup partition for Timeshift, so that reinstalling or fixing issues won't overwrite my home directory. I found several approaches to achieve this. One method involves setting up partitions first and then using the installer to select them, but this requires extensive post-installation configuration to get boot working with the encrypted drive. I discovered this blog which explains how to repartition your drive after installation. Combined with my guide on setting up hibernation, I created this documentation to help remember how to install a fresh copy of Linux Mint with LVM and LUKS. Tested on: Linux Mint 22 Cinnamon Partition Layout For this guide, I'm working with a 1TB drive that will be split into the following logical volumes: Root - 100GB (system files and applications) Swap - 32GB (for hibernation support) Home - 700GB (user files and documents) Backup - 100GB (Timeshift snapshots) Unallocated - ~68GB (reserved for future expansion) This setup ensures that system snapshots and user data remain separate, making system recovery much easier. Installation Guide Step 1: Initial Linux Mint Installation Start the Linux Mint installation process as normal: Boot from your Linux Mint installation media Follow the installation wizard (language, keyboard layout, etc.) When you reach the Installation type screen: Select "Erase disk and install Linux Mint" Click "Advanced features" Enable both options: ✓ Use LVM with the new Linux Mint installation ✓ Encrypt the new Linux Mint installation for security Click Continue Enter a strong encryption password when prompted Complete the rest of the installation (timezone, user account, etc.) When installation finishes, do NOT click "Restart Now" - we'll repartition first Important: Do NOT reboot after installation completes. We need to repartition before the first boot. Step 2: Access Root Terminal After installation finishes, open a terminal and switch to root: sudo -i This gives you administrative privileges needed for disk operations. Step 3: Check Current Disk Layout View your current partition structure: lsblk -f This displays your filesystem layout. You should see your encrypted volume group (typically vgmint ) with a large root partition consuming most of the space. Step 4: Resize Root Partition Shrink the root partition from its default size (nearly full disk) to 100GB: lvresize -L 100 G --resizefs vgmint/root What this does: -L 100G sets the logical volume size to exactly 100GB --resizefs automatically resizes the filesystem to match This frees up ~900GB for our other partitions Step 5: Resize Swap Partition The default swap is usually small (a few GB). We need to increase it to 32GB for hibernation: lvresize --verbose -L +32G /dev/mapper/vgmint-swap_1 What this does: -L +32G adds 32GB to the current swap size --verbose shows detailed progress information This ensures enough swap space for RAM contents during hibernation Note: For hibernation to work, swap should be at least equal to your RAM size. Adjust accordingly. Step 6: Create Home Partition Create a new logical volume for your home directory: lvcreate -L 700 G vgmint -n home What this does: -L 700G creates a 700GB logical volume vgmint is the volume group name -n home names the new volume "home" Step 7: Create Backup Partition Create a logical volume for Timeshift backups: lvcreate -L 100 G vgmint - n backup What this does: Creates a dedicated 100GB space for system snapshots Keeps backups separate from user data Prevents backups from filling up your home partition Step 8: Format New Partitions Format both new partitions with the ext4 filesystem: mkfs .ext4 /dev/vgmint/backup mkfs .ext4 /dev/vgmint/home What this does: Creates ext4 filesystems on both logical volumes ext4 is the standard Linux filesystem with good performance and reliability Step 9: Mount Partitions Create mount points and mount your partitions: mkdir /mnt/ {root,home} mount /dev/ vgmint /root /m nt /root/ mount /dev/ vgmint /home /m nt /home/ What this does: Creates temporary directories to access the filesystems Mounts root and home so we can configure them Step 10: Move Home Directory Contents Move the existing home directory contents from the root partition to the new home partition: mv /mnt/ root /home/ * /mnt/ home / What this does: Transfers all user files and directories from the old location to the new home partition Preserves your user account settings and any files created during installation Without this step, your home directory would be empty on first boot Step 11: Update fstab Add the home partition to the system's fstab file so it mount

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This episode is the first in an 8 part series on nuclear reactor technology. This is a politics free series and the focus is on the technology of the reactors. This series will focus on the civil nuclear industry, with a particular focus on electric power generation reactors. I will discuss the technology, what it is, how it works, and some of the pros and cons of different technologies, but I will try to avoid offering too many opinions on what is the best or worst of anything. Episode 1 will cover nuclear basics, including basic terminology and civil versus military nuclear material. Episode 2 will cover nuclear fuel, including the different types, recycling of spent fuel, uranium and thorium resources, and medical isotopes. Episode 3 will cover reactor basics, including slow versus fast reactors, moderators, coolants, steam generation, refuelling methods, and the three main commercial reactor types. Episode 4 will cover the less common reactor types, including types which are no longer used, some historical developmental dead ends, and some types which may possibly be making a come back. Episode 5 will cover fast reactors, including the different types, some of their history, why they were developed, and why they have so far only seen limited use. Episode 6 will cover thorium reactors, including what is thorium and how it differs from uranium, why there is interest in thorium, what sorts of reactors can use thorium, and why thorium has not yet seen widespread use. Episode 7 will cover small modular reactors or SMRs, what the reason is for developing them, what are the different ways they may be used, and where they are currently being built. Episode 8 will cover "Generator IV" reactors which is a collection of future technologies. 08 Isotopes 09 Isotopes of Uranium 10 Nuclear Fission 11 Half Life 12 Fissile versus Fertile 13 Enrichment of Isotopes 14 Civil Versus Military Nuclear Material 15 Uranium 16 Plutonium 18 Conclusion In the first episode of this series we have discussed what the series will cover, some of the basic nuclear physics terminology, and the differences between civil and military nuclear material. In the upcoming episodes we will discuss some of the basic engineering aspects of reactors, The various types of commercial reactors, including common and uncommon ones, nuclear fuel, including uranium, plutonium, and thorium, medical isotopes, small modular reactors, and the areas of research being conducted into new reactor technologies. In the next episode however we will cover types of nuclear fuel, recycling of nuclear fuel, uranium and thorium resources, and medical isotopes. This concludes the first episode of an 8 part series on nuclear reactor technology. Provide feedback on this episode .

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. In this episode, Lee sits down with Elsbeth Starling — fae-coded creator, mesh-maker, scripter, and accidental caffeine-fueled entrepreneur — to talk about what it really takes to get accepted into Second Life’s legendary Shop & Hop as a relatively new business owner. At just about a year and a half into her SL journey, Elsbeth breaks down the whole process: how she applied, what the organizers look for, and why imposter syndrome is basically the unofficial application form. Link to the last Shop and Hop information She shares her behind-the-scenes workflow using GIMP , Blender , and LSL scripting to turn simple mesh ideas into fully interactive creations. (Spoiler: it involves equal parts stubbornness and fairy dust.) We dive into SLRead , the virtual HUD-based e-reader system she and Lee created — a tool that brings the joy of real-life reading into the digital world, complete with pages, collections, and a whole lot of cozy vibes. Elsbeth also reveals her newest item premiering at Shop & Hop: an interactive story-time décor piece that lets ANY avatar sit down, pick one of six sweet stories, and be read to in local chat. Think “campfire storytelling,” but with lag and better fashion. We wrap up by talking through the practicals: the cost of participating, how sales work at large SL events, the realities of being a smaller creator in a massive marketplace, and why Shop & Hop can be one of the best visibility boosts for emerging designers. If you’re an SL creator dreaming of Shop & Hop — or just curious how creators bring magic into the metaverse — this episode is a must-listen. Provide feedback on this episode .

This show has been flagged as Explicit by the host. New hosts Welcome to our new host: Whiskeyjack . Last Month's Shows Id Day Date Title Host 4501 Mon 2025-11-03 HPR Community News for October 2025 HPR Volunteers 4502 Tue 2025-11-04 Cheap Yellow Display Project Part 3: Reverse beacon network Trey 4503 Wed 2025-11-05 One time passwords using oathtool Whiskeyjack 4504 Thu 2025-11-06 YouTube Subscriptions 2025 #7 Ahuka 4505 Fri 2025-11-07 New site - looks great! Archer72 4506 Mon 2025-11-10 The UCSD P-System Operating System Whiskeyjack 4507 Tue 2025-11-11 What's in the bag ? Ken Fallon 4508 Wed 2025-11-12 YouTube Subscriptions 2025 #8 Ahuka 4509 Thu 2025-11-13 HPR Beer Garden 5 - Heferweisen Kevie 4510 Fri 2025-11-14 Playing Civilization V, Part 5 Ahuka 4511 Mon 2025-11-17 Audio-books Lee 4512 Tue 2025-11-18 HomeAssistant - Nmap ("Network Mapper") Reto 4513 Wed 2025-11-19 Living the Tux Life Episode 2 - Ventoy Al 4514 Thu 2025-11-20 YouTube Subscriptions 2025 #9 Ahuka 4515 Fri 2025-11-21 Privacy? I don't have anything to hide... Archer72 4516 Mon 2025-11-24 Browser User Agent Henrik Hemrin 4517 Tue 2025-11-25 Cheap Yellow Display Project Part 4: The hardware Trey 4518 Wed 2025-11-26 Cosy News Corner for Week 46 - Your source for Open Source news Daniel Persson 4519 Thu 2025-11-27 YouTube Subscriptions 2025 #10 Ahuka 4520 Fri 2025-11-28 Arthur C. Clarke: Rama and Sequels Ahuka Comments this month These are comments which have been made during the past month, either to shows released during the month or to past shows. There are 22 comments in total. Past shows There are 8 comments on 8 previous shows: hpr3753 (2022-12-21) " Some thoughts on "Numeronyms" " by Dave Morriss . Comment 3 : Ken Fallon on 2025-11-03: "Just linked to this" Comment 4 : Dave Morriss on 2025-11-05: "Thanks Ken" hpr4397 (2025-06-10) " Transfer files from desktop to phone with qrcp " by Klaatu . Comment 2 : Ken Fallon on 2025-11-18: "I knew this would come in handy" Comment 3 : candycanearter07 on 2025-11-19: "issues with qrcp..." Comment 4 : Ken Fallon on 2025-11-20: "qrcp is private 0x0.st is not" hpr4485 (2025-10-10) " Git for Github and Gitlab " by Archer72 . Comment 3 : Archer72 on 2025-11-01: "candycanearter07 and Sayaci: Thanks!" Comment 4 : candycanearter07 on 2025-11-05: "Re: candycanearter07 and Sayaci: Thanks!" hpr4491 (2025-10-20) " Thibaut and Ken Interview David Revoy " by Thibaut . Comment 3 : dnt on 2025-11-04: "Great interview" hpr4493 (2025-10-22) " HPR Beer Garden 4 - Weissbier " by Kevie . Comment 5 : TA Spinner on 2025-11-10: "Great episode, I look forward to more!" hpr4494 (2025-10-23) " Exploring FUTO Keyboard " by Antoine . Comment 1 : Archer72 on 2025-11-01: "Keyboards use" hpr4498 (2025-10-29) " Living the Tux Life Episode 1 " by Al . Comment 1 : candycanearter07 on 2025-11-10: "cheers for taking the plunge!" hpr4499 (2025-10-30) " Greg Farough and Zoë Kooyman of the FSF interview Librephone lead developer Rob Savoye " by Ken Fallon . Comment 1 : Henrik Hemrin on 2025-11-05: "Good interview pod to learn more about the Librephone project" This month's shows There are 14 comments on 8 of this month's shows: hpr4501 (2025-11-03) " HPR Community News for October 2025 " by HPR Volunteers . Comment 1 : Archer72 on 2025-11-01: "If you do something cool..." Comment 2 : candycanearter07 on 2025-11-05: "Re: If you do something cool..." Comment 3 : Archer72 on 2025-11-08: "Tip from operat0r" hpr4503 (2025-11-05) " One time passwords using oathtool " by Whiskeyjack . Comment 1 : interesting, but... on 2025-11-10: "candycanearter07" Comment 2 : Whiskeyjack on 2025-11-12: "One time passwords using oathtool" hpr4505 (2025-11-07) " New site - looks great! " by Archer72 . Comment 1 : folky on 2025-11-04: "Thank you" hpr4506 (2025-11-10) " The UCSD P-System Operating System " by Whiskeyjack . Comment 1 : L'andrew on 2025-11-11: "A blast from the p-code past..." Comment 2 : brian-in-ohio on 2025-11-17: "good show" Comment 3 : Trixter on 2025-11-21: "This was very well done" hpr4509 (2025-11-13) " HPR Beer Garden 5 - Heferweisen " by Kevie . Comment 1 : ClaudioM on 2025-11-19: "Both are Tasty!" hpr4511 (2025-11-17) " Audio-books " by Lee . Comment 1 : Lee on 2025-11-05: "Errata" hpr4517 (2025-11-25) " Cheap Yellow Display Project Part 4: The hardware " by Trey . Comment 1 : mirwi on 2025-11-25: "Explanation of "silent key"." Comment 2 : Trey on 2025-11-26: "Thank you, Mirwi. Silent Key episode link" hpr4518 (2025-11-26) " Cosy News Corner for Week 46 - Your source for Open Source news " by Daniel Persson . Comment 1 : Torin Doyle on 2025-11-29: "I like this news feature." Mailing List discussions Policy decisions surrounding HPR are taken by the community as a whole. This discussion takes place on the Mailing List which is open to all HPR listeners and contributors. The discussions are open and available on the HPR server under Mailman . The threaded discussions this month can be found here: https://lists.hackerpublicradio.com/piperm

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. This brings us to a look at Arthur C. Clarke's other famous series, Rendevous with Rama and its sequels. This is frequently refered to simply as the Rama series. Links: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendezvous_with_Rama https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBOumuamua https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_(video_game) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_II_(novel) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Garden_of_Rama https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_Revealed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentry_Lee https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/arthur-c-clarke-rama-and-sequels/ Provide feedback on this episode .

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. I am subscribed to a number of YouTube channels, and I am sharing them with you. Links: https://www.youtube.com/@Parlogram https://www.youtube.com/@pwhitewick https://www.youtube.com/@eons https://www.youtube.com/@pbsorigins https://www.youtube.com/@pbsspacetime https://www.youtube.com/@PCJLaw https://www.youtube.com/@periodicvideos https://www.youtube.com/@CulturePhilter https://www.youtube.com/@PhotoAdvanced https://www.youtube.com/@physicsgirl https://www.youtube.com/@PoliticsGirl https://www.youtube.com/@PopularCruising https://www.youtube.com/@postmodernjukebox https://www.youtube.com/@PotatoMcWhiskey https://www.youtube.com/@PravusGaming https://www.palain.com/ Provide feedback on this episode .

This show has been flagged as Clean by the host. We just found out that Daniel Persson has his own YouTube Channel. He's currently doing a series called "Cosy News Corner - Your source for Open Source news", and we're posting the audio of one sample episode here. The link to the video is https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zZCa2neliA The channel url is https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnG-TN23lswO6QbvWhMtxpA and you can add the channel to your rss reader opml using the following line. <outline text="Daniel Persson" title="Daniel Persson" type="rss" xmlUrl="https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?channel_id=UCnG-TN23lswO6QbvWhMtxpA"/> The link to the RSS for the Cozy News Corner podcast is https://www.youtube.com/feeds/videos.xml?playlist_id=PLP2v7zU48xOIq-TXWuBrhGKNJCyZkblMZ Title: Debian Mandates Rust for APT, Reshaping Ubuntu and Other Linux Distros By: Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols - TheNewstack https://thenewstack.io/debian-mandates-rust-for-apt-reshaping-ubuntu-and-other-linux-distros/ The Complexity of Simplicity Keynote given at TalosCon by Oxide Co-Founder and CTO Bryan Cantrill in Amsterdam on October 17, 2025. "He went into Rust pretty skeptical honestly and it came back realizing that there were so many things that he viewed to be essential complexity that were actually accidental complexity." If you have not learned Rust and you are unfamiliar with the most important thing about Rust to someone who's new to Rust is the way it handles errors, right? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cum5uN2634o Title: Ubuntu's Rust Transition Hits Another Bump as sudo-rs Security Vulnerabilities Show Up By: Sourav Rudra - It's FOSS https://itsfoss.com/news/sudo-rs-issue-ubuntu/ Title: Snapchat Open Sources Cross-Platform UI Framework By Loraine Lawson - TheNewstack https://thenewstack.io/snapchat-open-sources-cross-platform-ui-framework/ https://github.com/Snapchat/Valdi Title: # Solo.io Open Sources Agentregistry, With Support for Agent Skills By: Heather Joslyn - TheNewstack https://thenewstack.io/solo-io-open-sources-agentregistry-with-support-for-agent-skills/ Title: FFmpeg Calls Google's AI Bug Reports "CVE Slop" By: Sourav Rudra - It's FOSS By: Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols - TheNewstack https://itsfoss.com/news/ffmpeg-google-fiasco/ https://daniel.haxx.se/ Title: Ubuntu's New 15-Year Commitment Targets Long-Lived Enterprise Systems By: Sourav Rudra - It's FOSS https://itsfoss.com/news/ubuntu-15-year-support-commitment/ Title: Mozilla Unveils Plans for New 'AI Window' Browsing Mode in Firefox, Opens Signups By: Sourav Rudra - It's FOSS By: Ajit Varma - Distilled https://itsfoss.com/news/mozilla-ai-window-plans/ https://blog.mozilla.org/en/firefox/ai-window/ https://www.firefox.com/en-US/ai/ Title: Nitrux 5.0.0 Released: A 'New Beginning' That's Not for Everyone (By Design) By: Sourav Rudra - It's FOSS https://itsfoss.com/news/nitrux-5-release/ https://nxos.org/ Title: You Can Play Classic D3D7 Games on Linux With This New Project, But Don’t Expect Perfection By: Sourav Rudra - It's FOSS https://itsfoss.com/news/play-d3d7-games-on-linux/ https://github.com/WinterSnowfall/d7vk Provide feedback on this episode .