AP World History – Unit 3.4: Comparing Land-Based Empires (1450–1750) This lesson reviews how major land-based empires—including the Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, Ming, Qing, Songhai, Aztec, and Inca—rose, governed, expanded, and declined. The video builds historical thinking skills in comparison , causation , and continuity and change , while connecting each empire to AP themes such as governance, technology and innovation, economic systems, cultural developments, and social organization.
